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各国法规,药厂谁取样才合规?
日期:6/20/2024 4:40:54 PM 访问:次浏览 作者:admin

德斯特DST老师近期在审计过程中,发现有些客户的取样工作由QA来负责,有些药厂则由QC进行取样,那么究竟由谁来取样,谁负责委托授权才合适呢?今天我们就来共同探讨取样的问题,让我们还是先从法规入手,看看有关的规定。

NMPA 2010年版GMP 第十二条 质量控制的基本要求:

(三)由经授权的人员按照规定的方法对原辅料、包装材料、中间产品、待包装产品和成品取样。

NMPA 2010年版GMP 第二百二十二条 取样应当至少符合以下要求:

(一)质量管理部门的人员有权进入生产区和仓储区进行取样及调查;

(二)应当按照经批准的操作规程取样,操作规程应当详细规定:

1.经授权的取样人;......

FDA 21CFR Part211

Sec.211.42 Design and construction features. 设计和建造要求

(c)(1) Receipt, identification, storage, and withholding from use of components, drug product containers, closures, and labeling, pending the appropriate sampling, testing examination by the quality control unit before release for manufacturing or packaging.

在放行于生产或包装前,由质量控制部采用合适的取样方式、检测,对原辅料、药品容器、密封件及标签的接收、鉴别、贮存及禁用。

EU GMP:

Quality Control 质量控制

1.9 Quality Control is that part of Good Manufacturing Practice which is concerned with sampling, specifications and testing, and with the organization, documentation and released for use, nor products released for sale or supply, until their quality has been judged to be satisfactory. The basic requirements of Quality Control are that:质量控制是GMP的一部分,涉及取样、质量标准、检验、同样也涉及组织机构、文件和放行规程,以保证切实执行了必要的相关检验,并且确保物料或产品被判定符合要求之前不被放行使用或销售。质量控制的基本要求是:

(ⅰ) Adequate facilities, trained personnel and approved procedures are available for sampling and testing starting materials, packaging materials, intermediate, bulk, and finished products, and where appropriate for monitoring environmental conditions for monitoring for GMP purposes;

有充足的设施设备、经过培训的人员及经过批准的规程用于起始物料、包装材料、中间体、半成品与成品取样和检验,以及GMP要求的环境监测;

(ⅱ) Samples of starting materials, packaging materials,intermediate products, bulk products and finished products are taken by approved personnel and methods.

由经过批准的人员按经过批准的方法对起始物料、包装材料、中间产品、半成品、成品取样。

6.4 Quality Control personnel should have access to production areas for sampling and investigation as appropriate.

质量控制人员应当有权进入生产区域进行取样和调查。

PIC/S GMP

2.8 The head of Quality Control generally has the following responsibilities:

质量控制负责一般承担以下职责:

(ⅲ) To ensure that all necessary testing is carried out and the associated records evaluated.批准质量标准、取样方法、检验方法和其他质量控制程序。

6.2 The Quality Control Department as a whole will also have other duties,such as to establish,validate and implement all quality control procedures,oversee the control of the reference and/or retention samples of materials and products when applicable,ensure the correct labeling of containers of materials and products,ensure the monitoring of the stability of the products,participate in the investigation of complaints related to the quality of the product, etc. All these operations should be carried out in accordance with written procedures and, where necessary, recorded.

整个质量控制部还将承担其他职责,如:建立、验证和实施所有质量控制程序,监督物料和产品的参考和/或留样的控制,确保物料和产品容器的正确标签,确保产品的稳定性考察,参与与产品质量相关的投诉调查等。

6.4 Quality Control personnel should have access to production areas for sampling and investigation as appropriate.

质量控制人员应能进入生产区域进行取样和调查。

WHO GMP

17.3 Each manufacturer should have a QC function. The QC function should be independent of other departments and under the authority of a person with appropriate qualification and experience. Adequate resources must be available to ensure that all the QC arrangements are effectively and reliably carried out. The basic requirements for QC are as follows:

每个生产商都应有质量控制部门。质量控制部门应当独立于其他部门,由具有适当资质和经验的人员管理。必须提供足够资源保证质量控制所有工作有效并可靠的实施。对质量控制部门的基本要求如下:

(a)Adequate facilities, trained personnel and approved procedures must be available for sampling, inspecting, and testing materials, packaging materials, and intermediate, bulk, and finished products, and where appropriate for monitoring environmental conditions for GMP purposes;

应当配备足够的设施,经过培训的人员和批准的程序完成取样、审查和检测原材料、包装材料、中间体、待包装产品和成品,合适时还要监控环境条件,以符合GMP的要求;

(b)Samples of starting materials, packaging materials, intermediate products, bulk products and finished products must be Quality Control departments approved personnel.

原材料、包装材料、中间体、待包装产品和成品的取样必须由质量控制部门批准的人员按规定的取样方法完成。

综上所述,除中国2010版GMP规定是由质量管理部门(QA或QC)取样外,其它主要监管机构的法规更多是将取样职责由质量控制部门来完成的,包括环境监测的取样。

从 QA 的角度来看,QA 人员负责整个质量管理体系的监督和维护。QA 取样可以更好地确保取样过程符合既定的程序和规范,保证取样的代表性和公正性。QA 对取样的整体规划和协调具有优势,能够从宏观层面把握取样的时机、频率和方法,以保障后续质量评估的准确性。他们更注重流程的合规性和对质量体系的保障作用。

然而,QC 人员在取样方面也有着独特的专业性。QC 主要专注于对样品进行具体的检测和分析,他们对取样技术和要求有着深入的了解和掌握。QC 取样能够根据检测目的和方法,精准地获取所需的样本,确保检测结果的可靠性。QC 在取样的细节操作和针对特定检测项目的针对性方面表现出色。

实际上,无论是 QA 取样还是 QC 取样,其目标都是为了满足 GMP 的严格要求。理想情况下,两者应紧密配合,形成协同作用。QA 确保取样的规范性和全面性,而 QC 则保障取样的专业性和准确性。

在一个完善的制药企业质量管理体系中,应明确界定 QA 和 QC 在取样工作中的职责和权限,建立清晰的工作流程和沟通机制。只有这样,才能在保证取样符合 GMP 要求的同时,最大程度地提升产品质量的可靠性和稳定性。

总之,QA 取样和 QC 取样都有其重要意义和价值,不能简单地评判哪一个更符合 GMP 要求。它们共同为制药企业的质量保障贡献力量,相辅相成,以确保生产出安全、有效的药品。

笔者认为,取样的职责应该归属于质量控制部门,取样和检验是一项专业技术工作,但取样有大量的工作,可以授权给有资质的人员来进行,如:授取QA或生产人员进行中间过程样品的取样和环境监测的取样,但应经过适当培训,并由QC签发相应的授权委托书。除此以外,QC其它职责还应包括:检验、留样和稳定性考察。大家如何来看取样的职责,欢迎在评论区进行留言。